Bloomsburg University Academic Programs
Academic Catalog

Audiology and Speech Pathology - SPA (72)

Administered by the Audiology and Speech Pathology Department

72.152 Introduction to Communication Disorders (3) - This course provides an overview of basic human communication and swallowing processes. An introduction to speech, language, hearing, communication, and swallowing disorders is provided. The profession of communication disorders and roles of audiologists, speech pathologists and educators are discussed. This course counts as a Group B, Social and Behavioral Sciences General Education Requirements. Three hours lecture per week.

72.200 Introduction to Audiology (3) - Introduces students to the anatomy, physiology, disorders, basic assessment, and habilitation/rehabilitation of the auditory system. Three hours lecture per week.

72.220 Phonetics (3) - Studies of the physiological, acoustical, perceptual, and descriptive aspects of speech and sound production. Primary emphasis is placed on the description, classification, and transcription of speech sounds. Provides a base of knowledge for the diagnosis and treatment of phonemic and phonological disorders of communication. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology major in order to enroll in the program's courses. Three hours lecture per week.

72.240 Normal Language Acquisition (3) - This is an introductory course on normal language development from birth through adolescence. Theories of language acquisition and cognitive and social foundations for language and communication will be explored. Biological, neurological, sensory, psychological, developmental, and cultural influences on language development will be discussed. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology major in order to enroll in the program's courses. Three hours lecture per week.

72.325 Language Disorders in Children (3) - This course provides a knowledge base for the nature of language, cognitive and communication disorders and differences in children. The course takes a functional approach to the assessment and intervention of childhood language disorders with a focus on utilizing natural contexts as the clinical arena. The role of language in literacy acquisition and cultural-linguistic differences that masquerade as disorders are infused. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major. Three hours lecture per week. Prerequisites: 72.240.

72.335 Acquired Disorders of Communication and Swallowing (3) - This course provides the undergraduate student with an introduction to medical speech pathology. Topics covered include neuroanatomy related to communication/swallowing disorders, and the etiologies, characteristics, assessment and management of communication/swallowing disorders secondary to medical diagnoses such as cerebral vascular accident, traumatic brain injury, and degenerative neurological disorders. Three hours lecture per week. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major. Prerequisites: 72.152.

72.340 Cognitive/Behavioral Principles in Speech-Language Pathology (3) - This course will cover the fundamentals of behavioral and cognitive theory. Emphasis will be placed upon application in clinical and school settings associated with the delivery of services to speech-language disordered clients. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major. Three hours lecture per week.

72.355 Assessment/Remediation of Speech Disorders (3) - This course provides a knowledge base for the assessment and differential diagnosis of speech disorders. It focuses on etiologies, characteristics, anatomical/physiological, acoustic, developmental and cognitive aspects of articulation, motor speech, fluency, voice, and resonance disorders. Three hours lecture per week. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major. Prerequisites: 72.220 and 72.240.

72.360 Clinical Observation (3) - This course provides observation experiences within the scope of practice of speech-language pathology and audiology under the direction of an ASHA certified professional. Students acquire a minimum of 25 observation hours for ASHA certification and gain information on professional credentialing, contemporary issues, and ethical conduct. Prerequisite: 60 credits or junior standing. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major. Three hours lecture per week.

72.400 Auditory Training and Speechreading: Study of the principles and techniques associated with auditory training and speechreading for professionals. Emphasis will be placed on introducing the students to historical and current theories and methods of auditory learning. Discussions on the implication of hearing loss on daily life in ideal and poor communication settings and a variety of communication needs including: auditory-verbal communication, auditory training, speechreading training, cochlear implants, hearing aids, sound field systems, assistive listening devices, classroom acoustics. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology major in order to enroll in the program's courses. Prerequisite: 72.200. Three hours lecture per week.

72.410 Applied Speech Science (3) - Applied speech science is the study of acoustic phonetics, speech physiology and the processes by which listeners perceive speech. In particular, this course will emphasize the application of this knowledge to the clinical evaluation of both normal and disordered speech via the use of various types of speech analysis instrumentation. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major. Prerequisites: 50.366, 54.106, 72.220. Three hours lecture per week.

72.415 / 72.515 ELL: Basic of Language and Communication (3) - Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major.

72.420 / 72.520 ELL: Devloping Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity (3) - Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major.

72.425 / 72.525 ELL: Assessment and Support Services for ELLS (3) - Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major.

72.430 / 72.530 Fundamentals of Audiology (3) - Discussion of the anatomy and physiology of the auditory system and the role of hearing in the development of speech and language. The course will provide a synopsis of diagnostic and habilitation/rehabilitation audiologic principles. Prerequisites: 90 credit hours. Three hours lecture per week.

72.432 / 72.532 Communication/Educational Strategies for ELL Individuals (3) - This course is designed for pre-service and practicing professionals providing ESL instruction. Participants will be able to identify, design and implement ESLprogram materials to facilitate English proficiency and academic standards and real world communicative needs. Materials and strategies will be based on educational and language learning theory to develop appropriate methodology to use with children and adults at diverse levels of English Proficiency. This course is designed to meet the ESL Program Specialist certification for instructional materials/development as well as provide background for individuals in non-educational settings. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major. Prerequisite: None. Three hours lecture per week.

72.460 Psycholinguistics (3) - This course presents the study of language as a psychological phenomenon. Course content focuses on language comprehension and production processes, speech perception, memory and cognition. Application of psycholinguistic concepts to communication disorders is discussed. Must be an Audiology/Speech Pathology Major. Prerequisite: 72.240. Three hours lecture per week.

72.468 Speech Habilitation in the Schools (3) - Examines the profession of speech-language pathology in a school setting as it interfaces with the other school-related disciplines. It emphasizes facilitation of communication among the disciplines. Three hours lecture per week.

72.480 Internship in Speech-Language Pathology (3-6) - This course provides opportunities for students to job shadow an ASHA certified speech-language pathologist in an educational or health care setting. Students gain practical experiences as observers and/or assistants to professionals. Experiences facilitate integration of undergraduate coursework in speech pathology with professional activities in the field. Prerequisite: 90 credits or junior standing.

72.482 Internship in Audiology (3-6) - Students gain practical experience by working in clinical or school settings as observers and aides to ASHA certified audiologists engaged in providing clinical services. Students select sites with the collaboration of the course instructor and contract to complete a variety of learning activities at the site. Prerequisite: Completion of Junior year or permission of instructor.

72.492, 72.592 Workshop in Audiology and/or Speech Pathology (1-6) - Temporary workshops/seminars designed to focus on contemporary trends, topics, and problems in the fields of audiology or speech pathology. Guest lecturers, resource speakers, team teaching, field experience and practicum, new media and technologies and related techniques and methodologies are concepts that might be incorporated into one of the workshops/seminars.

72.493, 72.593 Workshop in Audiology and/or Speech Pathology (1-6) - Temporary workshops/seminars designed to focus on contemporary trends, topics, and problems in the fields of audiology or speech pathology. Guest lecturers, resource speakers, team teaching, field experience and practicum, new media and technologies and related techniques and methodologies are concepts that might be incorporated into one of the workshops/seminars.

72.494, 72.594 Workshop in Audiology and/or Speech Pathology (1-6) - Temporary workshops/seminars designed to focus on contemporary trends, topics, and problems in the fields of audiology or speech pathology. Guest lecturers, resource speakers, team teaching, field experience and practicum, new media and technologies and related techniques and methodologies are concepts that might be incorporated into one of the workshops/seminars.

72.495 Honors Independent Study I - AUDSLP (3) - Independent study, under guidance of a faculty mentor, of a substantial research or creative topic. Prerequisites: Introduction to Honors Research (08.300).

72.496 Honors Independent Study II - AUDSLP (3) - Independent study, under guidance of a faculty mentor, of a substantial research or creative topic. Prerequisites: Introduction to Honors Research (08.300) and Honors Independent Study I (72.495).

72.550 Aphasia (3) - This course focuses on primary disorders of language in adults associated with focal brain damage with emphasis on aphasias. Etiologies and characteristics of language/nonlanguage disturbances associated with lesions to the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres are discussed. Principles and methods of prevention, assessment, intervention and counseling are presented. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.552 Language Disorders in Preschool Age Children (3) -This course extends the study of normal language acquisition to identify developmental language delays, disorders, and differences in young children (Birth to 5). Language characteristics of diverse clinical populations are discussed. Principles and methods of assessment and intervention are presented. Family, cultural, and educational issues are addressed. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.554 Fluency Disorders (3) - The course will cover the development, diagnosis, and treatment of fluency disorders including stuttering, cluttering, and neurogenic, psychogenic, and language based disfluencies. Emphasis is placed on stuttering in children and adults. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.556 Disorders of Phonology and Articulation (3) - This course examines phonetic and language-based disorders of articulation/phonology. Emphasis is placed on the identification, description, and remediation of phonological disorders. Phonological process and distinctive feature based systems of analysis will be presented along with traditional assessment procedures. Interventions will include traditional phonetic approaches, language-based, constructivist, and other cognitive approaches. May be offered in traditional and distance education formats. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.558 Clinical Practicum and Professional Issues in Speech-Language Pathology I (3) - This first in-house clinic course prepares students in all aspects of clinical management to serve individuals with communication and swallowing disorders in the Bloomsburg University Speech, Language, and Hearing Clinic and off-campus sites. Students acquire necessary knowledge and skills in preparation for their field experiences in the professional community. Prerequisite(s): Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology.

72.560 Voice Disorders (3) - This course provides an overview of the diagnosis and clinical management of functional and organic voice disorders. The focus of this course is on the perceptual and acoustic analysis of voice disorders, as well as a physiological view of voice therapy. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.562 Language Disorders in School Age Children (3) - This course extends the study of normal language acquisition through adolescents and explores effects of language disorders on academic performance, especially literacy skills. Principles and methods of classroom-based assessment and intervention are presented. Cultural and educational issues are addressed. May be offered in traditional and distance education formats. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology.

72.564 Craniofacial Disorders (3) - This course provides an overview of craniofacial disorders with emphasis on cleft lip and/or palate and velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI). An understanding of anatomy and physiology of the craniofacial complex, embryological development, and etiological factors are presented. The effects of cleft lip and/or palate and VPI on speech, hearing, and language are described. Procedures for diagnosis and treatment of communication disorders and related management issues will be discussed. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.565 Motor Speech Disorders (3) - This course focuses on neuromotor speech disorders in children and adults with emphasis on dysarthrias. Etiologies and characteristics of dysarthrias, including articulation, resonation, phonation, and respiration are discussed. Principles and methods of prevention, assessment, intervention, and counseling are presented. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.570 Cognitive Based Language Disorders (3) - This course focuses on the disorders of language in adults resulting from diffuse injury/damage, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease. Prerequisite: Graduate enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.572 Augmentative and Alternative Communication (3) - This course focuses on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) modalities and assistive technologies for individuals with significant disabilities of speaking and writing. Students acquire skills in evaluation, intervention, and prescriptions of AAC for diverse disability populations across the life span. Trends, issues, and challenges related to AAC in various settings are emphasized. Prerequisite: Graduate enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.574 Clinical Instrumentation in Speech Pathology (1) - This course will provide the student with background information and experience with advanced clinical instrumentation used in the assessment and treatment of patients with speech, voice, and swallowing disorders. In addition, clinical experiences applying clinical instrumentation discussed in these lectures will also be implemented whenever possible. Prerequisite: Graduate enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.576 Clinical Practicum and Professional Issues in Speech-Language Pathology III (3) - This third in-house clinic course prepares students in all aspects of clinical management to serve individuals with communication and swallowing disorders in the Bloomsburg University Speech, Language, and Hearing Clinic and off-campus sites. Students acquire necessary knowledge and skills in preparation for their field experiences in the professional community. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.580 Traumatic Brain Injury (3) - This course focuses on the nature, epidemiology, neurological and neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injuries in children and adults. Linguistic, cognitive, and social aspects of communication are emphasized. Principles and methods of prevention, assessment and intervention are presented. Medical management, educational and community re-entry, and counseling issues are addressed. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.581 Swallowing I (3) - An introduction to the subfield of dysphagia in the speech-language pathology curriculum, this course will provide the graduate student with detailed information regarding the anatomy, physiology, and neurological controls of the swallowing process in children and adults. It will also discuss the impact of various disease processes on the neurological and structural components of the swallow. Prerequisite: Graduate enrollment in Speech Pathology. Three hours lecture per week.

72.582 Research in Speech - Language Pathology (3) - The evaluation and application of clinical and non-clinical research methodologies to the investigation of problems encountered in speech-language pathology. Prerequisite: Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. May be offered in traditional and distance education formats. Three hours lecture per week.

72.583 Swallowing II (3) - This course provides the graduate student with detailed information and lab experience with procedures of evaluation of swallowing disorders, determination of objectives for patient management, and selection and implementation of therapeutic interventions for dysphagia across the life span. Case management, interdisciplinary team interaction, and professional communication skills are emphasized. Prerequisite: 72.581 Swallowing. Three hours lecture per week.

72.584 Field Experience in Speech-Language Pathology I (3) - Field experiences extend preparation of students in all aspects of clinical management to serve individuals with communication and swallowing disorders at external sites within the professional community. Students acquire necessary knowledge and skills required for entry level practice in the profession. Prerequisite(s): Graduate Enrollment in Speech Pathology. Minimum grade no lower that B- in Clinical III.

72.586 Field Experience in Speech-Language Pathology II (3) - See course description for 72.584.

72.590 Independent Study and Research (3) - Permits students to work under close faculty guidance on library study of specified areas or on individual research projects when particular needs cannot be met by registration in regularly scheduled courses.

72.591 Independent Study and Research (3) - See course description for 72.590.

72.592 Special Topics in Speech-Language Pathology (3) - Focuses on contemporary trends, topics, and problems in the fields of audiology or speech pathology. Guest lecturers, resource speakers, team teaching, field experience and practicum, new media and technologies and related techniques and methodologies are included.

72.593 Workshop in Audiology and/or Speech Pathology (3) - See course description for 72.592.

72.594 Workshop in Audiology and/or Speech Pathology (3) - See course description for 72.592.

72.599 Thesis (3) -Opportunity to employ accepted methods of educational research in the solution or intensive study of some problem area of interest or concern. The problem area selected for the research project must be related to Speech Pathology.

72.600 Diagnostic Audiology I: Assessment of Auditory Sensitivity and Speech Perception (3) - This course includes the procedures for determination of auditory sensitivity via air conduction, bone conduction, and in the sound field. Detailed procedures for assessment of speech perception are also included. Interpretation of test results to determine the presence, degree, and type of hearing loss will be discussed. All the equipment and procedural variables that can affect test results will be presented. Three hours lecture per week.

72.601 Aural Rehabilitation for Adults (3) - A study of all the related aspects of provision of aural rehabilitation services to adults with hearing loss. Includes such topics as models of aural rehabilitation, assessment and management, auditory training, speech-reading, auditory-visual integration, effective communication strategies, speech conservation, and deaf culture. Three hours lecture per week.

72.602 Hearing Science I (3) - Basic properties of simple and complex sounds, sound measurement, and sound propagation will be reviewed. The classical psychophysical procedures for detection of auditory thresholds will be demonstrated. Loudness perception, frequency selectivity, and temporal processing in the auditory system will be discussed. Three hours lecture per week.

72.603 Internship: Clinical Methods/Practicum in Audiology I (1-3) - The Speech, Hearing, and Language Clinic of Bloomsburg University is an integral part of the teaching-training program of the Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology. The clinic provides outpatient diagnostic and therapeutic services for persons of all ages with speech, hearing, and language problems, including students and other members of the college community and residents of the Bloomsburg area. It serves as an extension of the classroom where students can apply and study evaluation procedures, therapeutic methods, techniques and materials, and the classification and etiology of speech and hearing disorders. The clinic provides the student with an opportunity to relate text and lecture information to actual clinical cases under the close supervision of certified staff. Students gain experience in all aspects of remediation - diagnosis, therapy, counseling, report writing - with a wide variety of clients. The clinic is necessary and inseparable from the existing course sequence. It becomes an important step in the development of a competent clinician, linking the classroom and textbook with the clinical experiences, certification, and employment in the field. Internships are carried out within the Speech, Hearing and Language Clinic at Bloomsburg University as well as affiliated off campus sites.

72.605 Diagnostic Audiology II: Acoustic Immittance, Site of Lesion and Pseudohypacusis (3) - A comprehensive study of a variety of site of lesion tests. The course will cover acoustic immittance measures including tympanometry and acoustic reflex measures for detection of middle ear disorders and site of lesions in the auditory pathway. Other site of lesion tests include threshold and suprathreshold tone decay, loudness recruitment, loudness balance, Short Increment Sensitivity Index, Bekesy tests and brief tone audiometry. Test for detection of nonorganic hearing loss will be discussed. Prerequisites: Admission to and good standing in the AuD program.

72.607 Internship: Clinical Methods/Practicum in Audiology I (1-3) - The Speech, Hearing, and Language Clinic of Bloomsburg University is an integral part of the teaching-training program of the Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology. The clinic provides outpatient diagnostic and therapeutic services for persons of all ages with speech, hearing, and language problems, including students and other members of the college community and residents of the Bloomsburg area. It serves as an extension of the classroom where students can apply and study evaluation procedures, therapeutic methods, techniques and materials, and the classification and etiology of speech and hearing disorders. The clinic provides the student with an opportunity to relate text and lecture information to actual clinical cases under the close supervision of certified staff. Students gain experience in all aspects of remediation - diagnosis, therapy, counseling, report writing - with a wide variety of clients. The clinic is necessary and inseparable from the existing course sequence. It becomes an important step in the development of a competent clinician, linking the classroom and theory with the clinical experiences, certification, and employment in the field. Internships are carried out within the Speech, Hearing and Language Clinic at Bloomsburg University.

72.611 Internship: Clinical Methods/Practicum in Audiology I (1-3) - The Speech, Hearing, and Language Clinic of Bloomsburg University is an integral part of the teaching-training program of the Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology. The clinic provides outpatient diagnostic and therapeutic services for persons of all ages with speech, hearing, and language problems, including students and other members of the college community and residents of the Bloomsburg area. It serves as an extension of the classroom where students can apply and study evaluation procedures, therapeutic methods, techniques and materials, and the classification and etiology of speech and hearing disorders. The clinic provides the student with an opportunity to relate text and lecture information to actual clinical cases under the close supervision of certified staff. Students gain experience in all aspects of remediation - diagnosis, therapy, counseling, report writing - with a wide variety of clients. The clinic is necessary and inseparable from the existing course sequence. It becomes an important step in the development of a competent clinician, linking the classroom and theory with the clinical experiences, certification, and employment in the field. Internships are carried out within the Speech, Hearing and Language Clinic at Bloomsburg University.

72.621 Hearing Science II (3) - This course will include the following aspects of auditory perception: Pitch Perception, space perception, auditory patterns and object perception, speech perception. Practical applications of psychoacoustic phenomena will also be discussed. Prerequisites: Admission to and good standing in the AuD program and 72.602.

72.623 Internship: Clinical Methods/Practicum in Audiology I (1-3) - The Speech, Hearing, and Language Clinic of Bloomsburg University is an integral part of the teaching-training program of the Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology. The clinic provides outpatient diagnostic and therapeutic services for persons of all ages with speech, hearing, and language problems, including students and other members of the college community and residents of the Bloomsburg area. It serves as an extension of the classroom where students can apply and study evaluation procedures, therapeutic methods, techniques and materials, and the classification and etiology of speech and hearing disorders. The clinic provides the student with an opportunity to relate text and lecture information to actual clinical cases under the close supervision of certified staff. Students gain experience in all aspects of remediation - diagnosis, therapy, counseling, report writing - with a wide variety of clients. The clinic is necessary and inseparable from the existing course sequence. It becomes an important step in the development of a competent clinician, linking the classroom and theory with the clinical experiences, certification, and employment in the field. Internships are carried out within the Speech, Hearing and Language Clinic at Bloomsburg University.

72.626 Internship: Clinical Methods/Practicum in Audiology I (1-3) - The Speech, Hearing, and Language Clinic of Bloomsburg University is an integral part of the teaching-training program of the Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology. The clinic provides outpatient diagnostic and therapeutic services for persons of all ages with speech, hearing, and language problems, including students and other members of the college community and residents of the Bloomsburg area. It serves as an extension of the classroom where students can apply and study evaluation procedures, therapeutic methods, techniques and materials, and the classification and etiology of speech and hearing disorders. The clinic provides the student with an opportunity to relate text and lecture information to actual clinical cases under the close supervision of certified staff. Students gain experience in all aspects of remediation - diagnosis, therapy, counseling, report writing - with a wide variety of clients. The clinic is necessary and inseparable from the existing course sequence. It becomes an important step in the development of a competent clinician, linking the classroom and theory with the clinical experiences, certification, and employment in the field. Internships are carried out within the Speech, Hearing and Language Clinic at Bloomsburg University.

72.630 Internship: Clinical Methods/Practicum in Audiology I (1-3) - The Speech, Hearing, and Language Clinic of Bloomsburg University is an integral part of the teaching-training program of the Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology. The clinic provides outpatient diagnostic and therapeutic services for persons of all ages with speech, hearing, and language problems, including students and other members of the college community and residents of the Bloomsburg area. It serves as an extension of the classroom where students can apply and study evaluation procedures, therapeutic methods, techniques and materials, and the classification and etiology of speech and hearing disorders. The clinic provides the student with an opportunity to relate text and lecture information to actual clinical cases under the close supervision of certified staff. Students gain experience in all aspects of remediation - diagnosis, therapy, counseling, report writing - with a wide variety of clients. The clinic is necessary and inseparable from the existing course sequence. It becomes an important step in the development of a competent clinician, linking the classroom and theory with the clinical experiences, certification, and employment in the field. Internships are carried out within the Speech, Hearing and Language Clinic at Bloomsburg University.

72.638 Clinical Externship/Residency I (1-3) - An integral part of the teaching-training program is to have the student transition to hospitals; ENT practices, audiology practices, and medical clinics. This will enable the student to gain experience with a diverse population of clients (age, gender, pathology, social/economic, and race), equipment, and clinical/medical procedures. It is the bridge between the theoretical experience and being prepared for the workplace. The Council for Academic Accreditation of the American Speech Language Hearing Association requires that specific contact hours must be completed across five categories and two age groups. The total number of contact hours in these categories and age groups will be 2,000 to 3,000 hours. These hours must be acquired in three distinct sites or work environments and there must be a full-time 12-month residency experience. The clinical experience in this sequence of courses will be a graded transition. The first experience (538, 542, 546) will be half time external with academic courses. Experiences 547-548 will be full-time external. This will ensure the diversity and hours needed to be prepared for employment, licensure, and certification.

72.642 Clinical Externship/Residency II, (1-3) - An integral part of the teaching-training program is to have the student transition to hospitals; ENT practices, audiology practices, and medical clinics. This will enable the student to gain experience with a diverse population of clients (age, gender, pathology, social/economic, and race), equipment, and clinical/medical procedures. It is the bridge between the theoretical experience and being prepared for the workplace. The Council for Academic Accreditation requires that specific contact hours must be completed across five categories and two age groups. The total number of contact hours in these categories and age groups will be 2,000 to 3,000 hours. These hours must be acquired in three distinct sites or work environments and there must be a full-time 12-month residency experience. The clinical experience in this sequence of courses will be a graded transition. The first experience (538, 542, 546) will be half time external with academic courses. Experiences 547-548 will be full-time external. This will ensure the diversity and hours needed to be prepared for employment, licensure, and certification.

72.646 Clinical Externship/Residency III (1-3) - An integral part of the teaching-training program is to have the student transition to hospitals; ENT practices, audiology practices, and medical clinics. This will enable the student to gain experience with a diverse population of clients (age, gender, pathology, social/economic, and race), equipment, and clinical/medical procedures. It is the bridge between the theoretical experience and being prepared for the workplace. The Council for Academic Accreditation of the American Speech Language Hearing Association requires that specific contact hours must be completed across five categories and two age groups. The total number of contact hours in these categories and age groups will be 2,000 to 3,000 hours. These hours must be acquired in three distinct sites or work environments and there must be a full-time 12-month residency experience. The clinical experience in this sequence of courses will be a graded transition. The first experience (538, 542, 546) will be half time external with academic courses. Experiences 547-548 will be full-time external. This will ensure the diversity and hours needed to be prepared for employment, licensure, and certification.

72.649 Evaluation and Management of Balance Disorders II (3) In order to provide comprehensive audiologic services to their patients, audiologists are often required to perform vestibular assessments. The successful completion of a vestibular assessment requires that the clinician have an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the systems being tested, the medical history of the patient, the techniques needed to perform the testing, and the way to properly interpret the test results. In addition, once the cause of the disorder is determined, understanding the techniques that are available for treatment will allow the clinician to assist in the treatment of the patient. The course is the second in a 2-course series that will provide the audiology doctoral student with instruction in the techniques and interpretation of the more advanced vestibular and balance tests. In addition, students will learn about vestibular rehabilitation as a technique to aid in the remediation of vestibular and balance disorders.

Prerequisites: Currently enrolled and academic good standing in the Au.D. program and successful completion of evaluation and Management of Balance Disorders I, 72.639.

72.650 Introduction to IONM (3/1# ) This is a general introduction of clinical neurophysiology and functional monitoring. This course will familiarize the student with the general issues of science and practice of IONM. The IONM principle and history, electroneurophysiological modalities, practical aspects of perioperative monitoring, and routine operation room practice will be reviewed. 3/1#: Prerequisites: Admission to and good standing in the Au.D. program. Students who are taking the IONM course for 1 credit will enroll in the course for the first 5 classes (15 hours) and be responsible for the assignments designated by the # sign.

72.651 IONM Sensory Pathway and Neural Function Protection (3/1#) This is a clinical neurophysiology and functional monitoring course specific to sensory system monitoring. This course will familiarize the student with the knowledge and techniques used for sensory pathway monitoring and protection. Nerve conduction study (NCS), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), auditory evoked potentials (ABR), and visual evoked potentials (VEP) will be reviewed and integrated with sensory functional monitoring and protection during surgery.

Prerequisite: Admission to and good standing in the Au.D. program, Introduction to IONM

72.652 IONM Motor Pathway and Neural Function Protection (3/1#) This is a clinical neurophysiology and functional monitoring course specific to motor system monitoring. This course will familiarize the student with the knowledge and techniques used for motor pathway monitoring and protection. Electromyography (EMG) and motor evoked potentials (MEP) will be reviewed and integrated with motor functional monitoring and protection during surgery. Prerequisite: Admission to and good standing in the Au.D. program, Introduction to IONM

72.653 IONM Anesthesia Consideration and Management (3/1#) This is a clinical anesthesia course specific to the anesthetic effects on electrophysiological system and waveform recording during IONM surgery. This course will familiarize the student with the knowledge of perioperative anesthetic management and confounding factors of anesthesia to neurophysiological monitoring. Basic principles of anesthesia, different anesthetic agents, effects on neurophysiological signals, and IONM-specific anesthetic considerations will be reviewed and integrated with different surgical approaches. Prerequisite: Admission to and good standing in the Au.D. program, Introduction to IONM

72.654 IONM EEG and Cerebral Function Protection (3/1#) This is a clinical neurophysiology and functional monitoring course specific to electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring during surgery. This course will familiarize the student with the EEG knowledge and techniques used for brain monitoring and protection. Neurophysiological basis of EEG recording, adult and pediatric EEG, Epileptic EEG, neurological and medical EEG, and neuropharmacological EEG will be reviewed and integrated with neural functional monitoring and protection during surgery. Prerequisite: Admission to and good standing in the Au.D. program, Introduction to IONM

72.655 IONM Skull Base Surgery and Neural Function Protection (3/1#) This is a clinical neurophysiology and functional monitoring course specific to the disorders monitored during skull base surgery. This course will familiarize the student with the IONM knowledge and techniques used for skull base neural monitoring and protection. Skull base anatomy, neurophysiology, neurological diseases, pathology, specific surgical procedures, and anesthetic considerations will be reviewed and integrated with perioperative ABR, SSEP, VEP, S-EMG, TEMG, NCS and MEP monitoring. Prerequisite: Admission to and good standing in the Au.D. program, Introduction to IONM

72.656 IONM Cranial Surgery and Cerebral Protection (3) This is a clinical neurophysiology and functional monitoring course specific to the disorders monitored during cerebral surgery. This course will familiarize the student with the IONM knowledge and techniques used for cerebral monitoring and protection. Brain anatomy, neurophysiology, neurological diseases, pathology, specific surgical procedures, and anesthetic considerations will be reviewed and integrated with perioperative SSEP, TceMEP, EEG (ECoG) and TCD monitoring. Prerequisite: Admission to and good standing in the Au.D. program, Introduction to IONM tract

72.657 IONM Spine Surgery and Neural Function Protection (3) This is a clinical neurophysiology and functional monitoring course specific to the disorders monitored during spine surgery. This course will familiarize the student with the IONM knowledge and techniques used for spinal cord monitoring and protection. Spinal cord anatomy, neurophysiology, spine diseases, pathology, specific surgical procedures, and anesthetic considerations will be reviewed and integrated with perioperative SSEP, DSEP, Spinal Epidural Potentials, MEP, S-EMG, and T-EMG monitoring. Prerequisite: Admission to and good standing in the Au.D. program, Introduction to IONM tract.

72.658 IONM Neurophysiological Mapping and Functional Imaging (3) This is a clinical physiological mapping and imaging navigation course specific stereotactic and functional surgery. This course will familiarize the student with the central nervous system (CNS) neurophysiological mapping and functional navigation imaging techniques. The CNS structural mapping, deep brain stimulation/targeting, and functional navigation imaging study will be review and integrated with CNS disorders monitored during surgery. Prerequisite: Admission to and good standing in the Au.D. program, IONM tract.